22 LR ammo is often one of the first rounds a new shooter will ever experience. This is because it is low recoiling and not as loud as other rounds.
The rimfire design has been the standard round used for recreation, small game, and target practice since before the 1900s.
Every other rimfire round is compared to the 22 LR design, making it one of the most successful bullets in history.
22 LR was primarily a light hunting round for small game; it was also a training round. This caused it to be made to a very narrow set of specifications.
In the last decade, ammunition manufacturers have put more effort into developing 22 Long Rifle ammo to work better in things like handguns and revolvers.
These rounds are beginning to place 22 LR with other handgun rounds designed for self-defense.
22 Long Rifle ammo is used regularly for hunting small game and pest animals. This includes things like squirrels, groundhogs, and other lightweight game. It probably shouldn't be your go-to choice for bigger game like deer.
No, 22 LR is not hearing-safe and can still cause hearing damage despite its small size. There are subsonic variants that can reduce the effects, but it is recommended to use hearing protection when firing 22 LR.
Yes, 22 Long Rifle ammo can be used for self-defense. Modern ammunition should reach the recommended 16 to 18 inches of penetration. That is the FBI's standard that can be used for self-defense. It is often recommended for use in revolvers for better reliability.
Jacketed 22 Long Rifle ammo leaves less fouling in the barrels of firearms. This is because the jacket doesn't deform as easily as bare lead does. You will eventually have to clean the barrel, it just won't impact shooting as quickly as a lead bullet will.